What does P2.5, P3, P5, P10 mean for LED panels?

The P-number indicates the pixel pitch — the center-to-center distance between adjacent pixels in millimeters. P2.5 means 2.5mm pitch (high resolution, ideal for close viewing), P5 means 5mm pitch (medium resolution, good for 3-10m viewing distance), and P10 means 10mm pitch (large scale, best for outdoor signage viewed from a distance). Lower pitch = higher resolution = higher cost per square meter.

What is the HUB75 interface?

HUB75 is the standard interface for driving RGB LED matrix panels. It uses a 16-pin ribbon cable that carries row select lines (A, B, C, D, E), RGB data for two simultaneous rows, clock, latch, and output enable signals. To drive HUB75 panels with addressable pixel controllers, you need an adapter board (such as SmartMatrix or ESP32-HUB75-MatrixPanel-DMA).

How many LED panels can I chain together?

Most HUB75 panels support daisy-chaining via output connectors. A single ESP32 with the HUB75 DMA driver library can reliably drive 8-12 panels (e.g., a 4x3 grid of 64x32 panels = 256x96 pixel display). For larger video walls, use dedicated receiver cards (such as Linsn RV908) that support hundreds of panels per card.

LED Matrix Panels

LED matrix panels are modular RGB displays designed to tile together into large video walls, scoreboards, and information displays. Each panel contains a grid of surface-mount RGB LEDs driven by constant-current shift register ICs (typically ICN2037 or FM6124), connected via the HUB75 standard interface.

Available Pixel Pitches

P2.5 — 2.5mm pitch, 64×64 pixels per panel (160×160mm). Ultra-high resolution for close viewing (1-3m). Indoor use only. Ideal for reception displays and information kiosks.

P3 — 3mm pitch, 64×32 pixels per panel (192×96mm). Excellent resolution for indoor signage viewed from 2-5m. Our most popular indoor panel for retail and event displays.

P5 — 5mm pitch, 64×32 pixels per panel (320×160mm). Medium resolution suitable for 3-10m viewing distance. Available in indoor and outdoor (IP65) versions. Popular for sports scoreboards, church displays, and semi-outdoor installations under canopies.

P10 — 10mm pitch, 32×16 pixels per panel (320×160mm). Low resolution, high brightness outdoor panels with IP65 rating. Designed for building-mounted signs, highway message boards, and any application viewed from 10m or more.

Driving HUB75 Panels

HUB75 panels require a dedicated driver that can rapidly scan the rows and clock out pixel data. For hobbyist projects, use an ESP32 with the ESP32-HUB75-MatrixPanel-DMA library (drives up to 12 panels). For larger video walls, use professional receiver cards (Linsn RV908, Colorlight 5A-75B) connected via Ethernet to a sending card in your PC.